Weaponize Your Word - Malicious Template Injection Historically, files sent via email have been a common initial access technique employed by threat actors. Personally, I have seen emails containing malware prove effective, and in the case of an IR (Incident Response) involving a malware infection, it would be one of the first places I would look to identify the source of compromise. There are many techniques for bypassing an email solution to deploy malware on an endpoint, however an old...
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Breaking into Libraries – DLL Hijacking
Breaking into Libraries - DLL Hijacking Many of us have likely encountered DLL errors when trying to open Windows applications. If you were like my younger self, you might have naively downloaded a missing DLL from sites like dll-files.com and placed it in the application directory without giving it a second thought. This blog post will examine the risks associated with this approach. Dynamic Link Library (DLL) hijacking is a common occurrence that impacts Windows-based applications. This...
NTLM Relaying – Making the Old New Again
I am old enough to remember that it was not always possible to get domain admin within the first hour of a test via Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) misconfigurations or over permissioned SCCM NAA accounts. At present we are spoilt for choice in regards to privilege escalation vectors within the on-premise AD environment's, but I wanted to take a look at some of the other misconfigurations that proved to be fruitful before the advent of ADCS and SCCM and continue to land me quick...
Adversary at the Door – Initial Access and what’s currently on the menu
Based on the data from the Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2024, phishing with malicious links or malware remains the most common initial access vector, followed by impersonation. The challenge with impersonation attacks is that current technology often struggles to accurately determine the purpose of a website. Although checks on domain maturity, reputation, categorization, and certificates are performed, a skilled adversary can still create sophisticated phishing infrastructure that hosts...
SSH Tunnelling to Punch Through Corporate Firewalls – Updated take on one of the oldest LOLBINs
In my formative days of learning network hacking, SSH tunnelling was amongst the first tunnelling techniques that I learnt. I still remember trying to repeatedly decode my notes and diagrams on the rather cumbersome syntax of single port forwarding with the -L and -R flags, which at the time was taught as “the way to do it”. If your foothold is (luckily) a Linux server, then you’re blessed with the -D flag to spin up a SOCKS proxy on the foothold itself to access the network via proxychains....
How Cloud Migration is Affecting AppSec – A Red Teamer’s Perspective
Introduction I’ve recently spoken at several conferences about the changes that are underway within red teaming as a result of cloud migration. My team and I have been delivering majority cloud red team work over the last year and the differences are becoming more apparent by the day. One point I’ve mentioned as ‘controversial’ at several of these events is that cloud migration has actually made AppSec more important than ever. I went some way to trying to explain why I think this is during my...
Putting the C2 in C2loudflare
tl;dr How to bring up an entire C2 infrastructure with all your tooling and their corresponding redirectors within 5 minutes with the help of Azure Snapshots, Cloudflare and Tmux Resurrect. Every so often I seem to stumble across various ideas, that when combined, massively improve my overall productivity at work. Most of these ideas on their own are nothing new, but when used in tandem can really accelerate your productivity, which is what I wanted to illustrate in today's post. A great...
WASM Smuggling for Initial Access and W.A.L.K. Tool Release
TL;DR This blog post introduces Web Assembly (WASM) as a powerful alternative to traditional web technologies, highlighting its appeal to cybersecurity professionals for evading security measures for initial access. WASM has been observed being leveraged in the wild as a new payload delivery avenue which can land payloads in a hardened email inbox or instant messaging chats. A new tool, W.A.L.K. (Web Assembly Lure Krafter), is released alongside this blogpost to automate the generation of...
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